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Filename : jail.py
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# emacs: -*- mode: python; py-indent-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
# vi: set ft=python sts=4 ts=4 sw=4 noet :

# This file is part of Fail2Ban.
#
# Fail2Ban is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# Fail2Ban is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with Fail2Ban; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.

# Author: Cyril Jaquier

__author__ = "Cyril Jaquier, Lee Clemens, Yaroslav Halchenko"
__copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2004 Cyril Jaquier, 2011-2012 Lee Clemens, 2012 Yaroslav Halchenko"
__license__ = "GPL"

import logging
import math
import random
import queue

from .actions import Actions
from ..helpers import getLogger, _as_bool, extractOptions, MyTime
from .mytime import MyTime

# Gets the instance of the logger.
logSys = getLogger(__name__)


class Jail(object):
	"""Fail2Ban jail, which manages a filter and associated actions.

	The class handles the initialisation of a filter, and actions. It's
	role is then to act as an interface between the filter and actions,
	passing bans detected by the filter, for the actions to then act upon.

	Parameters
	----------
	name : str
		Name assigned to the jail.
	backend : str
		Backend to be used for filter. "auto" will attempt to pick
		the most preferred backend method. Default: "auto"
	db : Fail2BanDb
		Fail2Ban persistent database instance. Default: `None`

	Attributes
	----------
	name
	database
	filter
	actions
	idle
	status
	"""

	#Known backends. Each backend should have corresponding __initBackend method
	# yoh: stored in a list instead of a tuple since only
	#      list had .index until 2.6
	_BACKENDS = ['pyinotify', 'polling', 'systemd']

	def __init__(self, name, backend = "auto", db=None):
		self.__db = db
		# 26 based on iptable chain name limit of 30 less len('f2b-')
		if len(name) >= 26:
			logSys.warning("Jail name %r might be too long and some commands "
							"might not function correctly. Please shorten"
							% name)
		self.__name = name
		self.__queue = queue.Queue()
		self.__filter = None
		# Extra parameters for increase ban time
		self._banExtra = {};
		logSys.info("Creating new jail '%s'" % self.name)
		self._realBackend = None
		if backend is not None:
			self._realBackend = self._setBackend(backend)
		self.backend = backend

	def __repr__(self):
		return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name)

	def _setBackend(self, backend):
		backend, beArgs = extractOptions(backend)
		backend = backend.lower()		# to assure consistent matching

		backends = self._BACKENDS
		if backend != 'auto':
			# we have got strict specification of the backend to use
			if not (backend in self._BACKENDS):
				logSys.error("Unknown backend %s. Must be among %s or 'auto'"
					% (backend, backends))
				raise ValueError("Unknown backend %s. Must be among %s or 'auto'"
					% (backend, backends))
			# so explore starting from it till the 'end'
			backends = backends[backends.index(backend):]

		for b in backends:
			initmethod = getattr(self, '_init%s' % b.capitalize())
			try:
				initmethod(**beArgs)
				if backend != 'auto' and b != backend:
					logSys.warning("Could only initiated %r backend whenever "
								   "%r was requested" % (b, backend))
				else:
					logSys.info("Initiated %r backend" % b)
				self.__actions = Actions(self)
				return b				# we are done
			except ImportError as e: # pragma: no cover
				# Log debug if auto, but error if specific
				logSys.log(
					logging.DEBUG if backend == "auto" else logging.ERROR,
					"Backend %r failed to initialize due to %s" % (b, e))
		# pragma: no cover
		# log error since runtime error message isn't printed, INVALID COMMAND
		logSys.error(
			"Failed to initialize any backend for Jail %r" % self.name)
		raise RuntimeError(
			"Failed to initialize any backend for Jail %r" % self.name)

	def _initPolling(self, **kwargs):
		from .filterpoll import FilterPoll
		logSys.info("Jail '%s' uses poller %r" % (self.name, kwargs))
		self.__filter = FilterPoll(self, **kwargs)

	def _initPyinotify(self, **kwargs):
		# Try to import pyinotify
		from .filterpyinotify import FilterPyinotify
		logSys.info("Jail '%s' uses pyinotify %r" % (self.name, kwargs))
		self.__filter = FilterPyinotify(self, **kwargs)

	def _initSystemd(self, **kwargs): # pragma: systemd no cover
		# Try to import systemd
		from .filtersystemd import FilterSystemd
		logSys.info("Jail '%s' uses systemd %r" % (self.name, kwargs))
		self.__filter = FilterSystemd(self, **kwargs)

	@property
	def name(self):
		"""Name of jail.
		"""
		return self.__name

	@property
	def database(self):
		"""The database used to store persistent data for the jail.
		"""
		return self.__db

	@database.setter
	def database(self, value):
		self.__db = value;

	@property
	def filter(self):
		"""The filter which the jail is using to monitor log files.
		"""
		return self.__filter

	@property
	def actions(self):
		"""Actions object used to manage actions for jail.
		"""
		return self.__actions

	@property
	def idle(self):
		"""A boolean indicating whether jail is idle.
		"""
		return self.filter.idle or self.actions.idle

	@idle.setter
	def idle(self, value):
		self.filter.idle = value
		self.actions.idle = value

	def status(self, flavor="basic"):
		"""The status of the jail.
		"""
		fstat = self.filter.status(flavor=flavor)
		astat = self.actions.status(flavor=flavor)
		if flavor == "stats":
			backend = type(self.filter).__name__.replace('Filter', '').lower()
			return [self._realBackend or self.backend, fstat, astat]
		return [
			("Filter", fstat),
			("Actions", astat),
		]

	@property
	def hasFailTickets(self):
		"""Retrieve whether queue has tickets to ban.
		"""
		return not self.__queue.empty()

	def putFailTicket(self, ticket):
		"""Add a fail ticket to the jail.

		Used by filter to add a failure for banning.
		"""
		self.__queue.put(ticket)
		# add ban to database moved to observer (should previously check not already banned 
		# and increase ticket time if "bantime.increment" set)

	def getFailTicket(self):
		"""Get a fail ticket from the jail.

		Used by actions to get a failure for banning.
		"""
		try:
			ticket = self.__queue.get(False)
			return ticket
		except queue.Empty:
			return False

	def setBanTimeExtra(self, opt, value):
		# merge previous extra with new option:
		be = self._banExtra;
		if value == '':
			value = None
		if value is not None:
			be[opt] = value;
		elif opt in be:
			del be[opt]
		logSys.info('Set banTime.%s = %s', opt, value)
		if opt == 'increment':
			be[opt] = _as_bool(value)
			if be.get(opt) and self.database is None:
				logSys.warning("ban time increment is not available as long jail database is not set")
		if opt in ['maxtime', 'rndtime']:
			if not value is None:
				be[opt] = MyTime.str2seconds(value)
		# prepare formula lambda:
		if opt in ['formula', 'factor', 'maxtime', 'rndtime', 'multipliers'] or be.get('evformula', None) is None:
			# split multifiers to an array begins with 0 (or empty if not set):
			if opt == 'multipliers':
				be['evmultipliers'] = [int(i) for i in (value.split(' ') if value is not None and value != '' else [])]
			# if we have multifiers - use it in lambda, otherwise compile and use formula within lambda
			multipliers = be.get('evmultipliers', [])
			banFactor = eval(be.get('factor', "1"))
			if len(multipliers):
				evformula = lambda ban, banFactor=banFactor: (
					ban.Time * banFactor * multipliers[ban.Count if ban.Count < len(multipliers) else -1]
				)
			else:
				formula = be.get('formula', 'ban.Time * (1<<(ban.Count if ban.Count<20 else 20)) * banFactor')
				formula = compile(formula, '~inline-conf-expr~', 'eval')
				evformula = lambda ban, banFactor=banFactor, formula=formula: max(ban.Time, eval(formula))
			# extend lambda with max time :
			if not be.get('maxtime', None) is None:
				maxtime = be['maxtime']
				evformula = lambda ban, evformula=evformula: min(evformula(ban), maxtime)
			# mix lambda with random time (to prevent bot-nets to calculate exact time IP can be unbanned):
			if not be.get('rndtime', None) is None:
				rndtime = be['rndtime']
				evformula = lambda ban, evformula=evformula: (evformula(ban) + random.random() * rndtime)
			# set to extra dict:
			be['evformula'] = evformula
		#logSys.info('banTimeExtra : %s' % json.dumps(be))

	def getBanTimeExtra(self, opt=None):
		if opt is not None:
			return self._banExtra.get(opt, None)
		return self._banExtra

	def getMaxBanTime(self):
		"""Returns max possible ban-time of jail.
		"""
		return self._banExtra.get("maxtime", -1) \
			if self._banExtra.get('increment') else self.actions.getBanTime()

	def restoreCurrentBans(self, correctBanTime=True):
		"""Restore any previous valid bans from the database.
		"""
		try:
			if self.database is not None:
				if self._banExtra.get('increment'):
					forbantime = None;
					if correctBanTime:
						correctBanTime = self.getMaxBanTime()
				else:
					# use ban time as search time if we have not enabled a increasing:
					forbantime = self.actions.getBanTime()
				for ticket in self.database.getCurrentBans(jail=self, forbantime=forbantime,
					correctBanTime=correctBanTime, maxmatches=self.filter.failManager.maxMatches
				):
					try:
						# mark ticked was restored from database - does not put it again into db:
						ticket.restored = True
						#logSys.debug('restored ticket: %s', ticket)
						if self.filter._inIgnoreIPList(ticket.getID(), ticket): continue
						# correct start time / ban time (by the same end of ban):
						btm = ticket.getBanTime(forbantime)
						diftm = MyTime.time() - ticket.getTime()
						if btm != -1 and diftm > 0:
							btm -= diftm
						# ignore obsolete tickets:
						if btm != -1 and btm <= 0:
							continue
						self.putFailTicket(ticket)
					except Exception as e: # pragma: no cover
						logSys.error('Restore ticket failed: %s', e, 
							exc_info=logSys.getEffectiveLevel()<=logging.DEBUG)
		except Exception as e: # pragma: no cover
			logSys.error('Restore bans failed: %s', e,
				exc_info=logSys.getEffectiveLevel()<=logging.DEBUG)

	def start(self):
		"""Start the jail, by starting filter and actions threads.

		Once stated, also queries the persistent database to reinstate
		any valid bans.
		"""
		logSys.debug("Starting jail %r", self.name)
		self.filter.start()
		self.actions.start()
		self.restoreCurrentBans()
		logSys.info("Jail %r started", self.name)

	def stop(self, stop=True, join=True):
		"""Stop the jail, by stopping filter and actions threads.
		"""
		if stop:
			logSys.debug("Stopping jail %r", self.name)
		for obj in (self.filter, self.actions):
			try:
				## signal to stop filter / actions:
				if stop:
					obj.stop()
				## wait for end of threads:
				if join:
					obj.join()
			except Exception as e:
				logSys.error("Stop %r of jail %r failed: %s", obj, self.name, e,
					exc_info=logSys.getEffectiveLevel()<=logging.DEBUG)
		if join:
			logSys.info("Jail %r stopped", self.name)

	def isAlive(self):
		"""Check jail "isAlive" by checking filter and actions threads.
		"""
		return self.filter.isAlive() or self.actions.isAlive()